The archipelago of Cabrera, together with the waters and seabed around it, make up one of the best preserved natural areas of the Mediterranean, brimming with both marine and terrestrial life. Among the seabirds are to be found Balearic shearwaters, Audouin's gulls, grey shearwaters and shags. The birds of prey include ospreys, sea hawks and peregrine falcons.

There are up to eleven subspecies of Balearic lizard in the archipelago, in addition to more than 500 species of marine creatures that live in the depths and more than 130 species of migratory birds that visit on their travels.